index - Laboratoire d'Excellence Dispositif de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux

Le dispositif des Observatoires Hommes-Milieux (OHM) a été conçu comme un outil d’incitation, de soutien et d’organisation de l’inter-disciplinarité. Il se consacre à l’étude et la compréhension des Socio-Eco Systèmes très anthropisés affectés par des modifications brutales (crises socio-écosystémiques) qui interviennent de plus en plus dans le cadre du Changement Global (écologique, économique, social) ou en sont les conséquences. Il contribue, par sa recherche et la diffusion qui en est faite aux communautés scientifiques mais aussi à la Société, à favoriser un développement durable.

Depuis 2007, ce dispositif OHM a été conçu et développé au sein du CNRS EDD puis INEE. Il regroupe aujourd’hui 13 OHM, chacun focalisé sur son objet spécifique, dont 6 se situent en métropole, 2 en outre-mer et 5 à l’étranger.

Depuis 2012, le LabEx DRIIHM (Dispositif de Recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux) en assure la gouvernance, développe et anime les transversalités.

Cette collection a pour but de rassembler toutes les publications scientifiques réalisées dans le cadre de projets développés dans les OHM et soutenus par le Labex DRIIHM tout en permettant :

d’accroître l’accessibilité des publications du LabEx
de valoriser la production du LabEx et des lauréats des AAP annuels

Elle recense l’ensemble des publications contenues dans les sous-collections des 13 OHM que vous pouvez trouver via les onglets ci-dessus.

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Le texte intégral des articles publiés dans des revues, avec ou sans comité de lecture, après s'être assuré des conditions de dépôt accordées par l'éditeur.
Le texte intégral des communications dans des conférences
A minima, les références bibliographiques de toute production de recherche

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Afin de permettre une bonne identification des publications, veillez à respecter les règles de signature des publications scientifiques du LabEx DRIIHM :

Les dépôts effectués pour des publications issues d'un projet financé par DRIIHM doivent mentionner le LabEx par la mention ANR-11-LABX-0010 dans le champ "Projet ANR" de la page "Métadonnées"
Le dépôt doit être "tamponné" vers la/les sous-collections OHM concernées soit manuellement par le(s) propriétaire(s) de(s) sous-collection(s) soit en ajoutant le(s) mot(s) clé(s) : "OHM(i) <nom de l'OHM>" (cf. "Pour aller plus loin")
Le dépôt doit être effectué en accord avec les co-auteurs et dans le respect de la politique des éditeurs.

Le dépôt de vos résultats dans HAL constituant une divulgation publique, assurez-vous au préalable que ces résultats de recherche ne sont pas soumis à des obligations de confidentialité, ou qu’ils ne font pas l’objet d’une procédure en cours pour le dépôt d’un brevet d’invention.

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Vous trouverez ci-dessous, pour le LabEx et les OHM, un lien vers la fiche descriptive, l'adresse du site et le mot clé à rajouter dans la notice :

LabEx DRIIHM : https://www.driihm.fr/

Bassin Minier de Provence : https://www.ohm-provence.org/ -> OHM Bassin Minier de Provence

Oyapock (Guyane française) : https://ohm-oyapock.in2p3.fr/ -> OHM Oyapock

Estarreja (Portugal) : https://ohm-estarreja.in2p3.fr/ -> OHMi Estarreja

Tessékéré (Sénégal) : https://ohmi-tessekere.in2p3.fr/ -> OHMi Tessekere

Pyrénées-Haut Vicdessos : http://w3.ohmpyr.univ-tlse2.fr/ -> OHM Pyrenees

Vallée du Rhône : https://ohm-vallee-du-rhone.fr/ -> OHM Vallee du Rhone

Littoral Méditerranéen : https://www.ohm-littoral-mediterraneen.fr/-> OHM Littoral Mediterraneen

Nunavik (Canada) : https://ohmi-nunavik.in2p3.fr/ -> OHMi Nunavik

Pays de Bitche : https://ohm-pays-de-bitche.in2p3.fr/ -> OHM Pays de Bitche

Pima County (USA) : https://ohmi-pima-county.in2p3.fr/ -> OHMi Pima County

Littoral Caraïbe : https://ohm-littoral-caraibe.in2p3.fr/ -> OHM Littoral Caraibe

Patagonia-Bahia Exploradores (Chili) : https://ohm-bahia-exploradores.in2p3.fr/ -> OHMi Bahia Exploradores

Fessenheim : https://ohm-fessenheim.fr/ -> OHM Fessenheim

The quantification of microplastic (MP) pollution in rivers is often constrained by a lack of historical data on a multi-decadal scale, which hinders the evaluation of public policies. In this study, MP contents and trends were analyzed in dated sediment cores sampled upstream and downstream of a large metropolis, in environmental deposits that exhibited consistent sedimentation patterns from the 1980s to 2021. After a thorough sedimen- tological analysis, MPs were quantified in samples by micro Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (μFTIR imaging) and a density separation and organic matter digestion procedure. Microplastics recorded in the up- stream core are relatively ubiquitous all along the dated sequence. The results also confirmed a sever increase of microplastics levels in the downstream core, by one order of magnitude, and an increase of polymer types. Polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene represent ubiquitous contamination and were predominant at the two stations, whereas polyvinyl chloride and polytetrafluoroethylene were suspected to be abundant at the downstream station, but were not detected at the upstream station. Their presence could be linked to local contamination from specific industrial sources that manufactured and utilized these polymers. Surprisingly, in the downstream station sediment has recorded a relative improvement in polymers associated with industrial sources since the 2000s and, to a lesser extent, for ubiquitous ones since the 2010s. This trend of mitigation diverges from that of global assessments, that assume uncontrolled MP pollution, and suggest that European Union wastewater policy and regulation on industrial discharges have positively influenced water quality, and certainly also on MPs. However, the accumulation of microplastics remains high in recent deposits and raises the emerging concern of the long-term management of these reservoirs.

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Peatlands are considered the most efficient ecosystem for long-term storage of atmospheric carbon (C). However, reasons for variations in C accumulation within peatlands remain largely unexplained. Using a comprehensive multi-level approach combining soil-atmosphere C exchanges, microbial extracellular enzyme activities, and genome-resolved cellular and viral metagenomics, we endeavored to decipher the microbial determinants and their role in C dynamics in the bog and fen of a European peatland. Overall, the bog exhibited a higher C content and dissolved organic carbon concentration. Despite contrasting geochemical conditions, these differences were not explained by environmental parameters nor the vegetation. Metagenomic analyses revealed varying microbial community composition, the bog being less diverse and dominated by Acidobacteriota and the fen comprising five predominant phyla (Crenarcheota, Chloroflexota, Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota and Acidobacteriota). Both bog and fen microbial communities were stable between spring and summer. Yet, similar CO2 emissions were recorded in both bog and fen, along with similar organic matter (OM) decomposition microbial activities and potential. Ultimately, the bog harbored significantly more viruses than the fen. Most intriguingly, these viruses were predicted to target Acidobacteriota, the phyla displaying the highest OM-degrading capacity in the bog. By impairing the activity of the dominant players in OM degradation, viruses might have a significant role in C dynamics in the bog over time. In addition, we propose that low microbial diversity limited cross-feeding opportunities in the bog, further limiting C degradation. Taken together, this study deciphers the role of microbial communities driving C accumulation in peatlands and, consequently, peatland ecosystem functioning.

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Vanadium (V) concentrations in organisms are usually very low. To date, among animals, only some urochordate and annelid species contain very high levels of V in their tissues. A new case of hyper-accumulation of V in a distinct animal phylum (Porifera), namely, the two homoscleromorph sponge species Oscarella lobularis and O. tuberculata is reported. The measured concentrations (up to 30 g/kg dry weight) exceed those reported previously and are not found in all sponge classes. In both Oscarella species, V is mainly accumulated in the surface tissues, and in mesohylar cells, as V(IV), before being partly reduced to V(III) in the deeper tissues. Candidate genes from Bacteria and sponges have been identified as possibly being involved in the metabolism of V. This finding provides clues for the development of bioremediation strategies in marine ecosystems and/or bioinspired processes to recycle this critical metal.

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Socio-ecological research enlists inter- and transdisciplinarity to address complex environmental issues. Yet the “socio-ecological system” concept can be interpreted in many different ways. A characterization of the diverse practices in socio-ecological research could facilitate dialogue between researchers about the possible conceptual and ethical approaches. In this study, we investigated if a detailed analysis of scientific articles would reveal the nature and course of a socio-ecological research network, and the research angle of its members. The example we used was the Rhône River Long-Term Socio-Ecological Journal Pre-proof Research (LTSER) platform in France. We combined a multivariate analysis of a reading grid of publications by Rhône River LTSER researchers and a textual analysis of the scientific narratives. The publications were from a 10-year period and corresponded to those used in a recent international comparative analysis of LTSER platforms. The analysis revealed that the research was dominated by a biophysical approach, with a progressive increase in social aspects. The emergence of a transdisciplinary approach, co-constructed with operational partners, was also shown. The research conducted by the Rhône River LTSER was grounded in the context of managing a river with strong anthropic influences and interests, and the scientific approach aimed to provide knowledge for guiding decisions. Little reference was made in the publications to socio-ecological conceptual frameworks. Beyond the example of this LTSER platform, we identified indicators for describing the degree of inter- and transdisciplinarity and the different perceptions of socio-ecological systems. The narrative analysis revealed the angle of the research approach; this method could be used in future studies for a comparison of the diverse approaches of multiple research groups.

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Marinas are semi-enclosed environments characterised by reduced hydrodynamic energy, high sedimentation rates, and reduced oxygen levels. The ongoing development of activities and infrastructure construction are leading to deterioration in the quality of coastal aquatic environments, creating environmental risks. Trace metal elements (TMEs) and organotins are significant contaminants, prompting this study to evaluate the added value of spatiotemporal monitoring compared to one-time sediment assessments. Two Mediterranean harbours, Port Camargue (PC) and Port Carnon (C), differing in morphology and size, were monitored for a year with regular water sampling, focusing on TMEs and organotins. Sediment contamination, notably in the technical zone, revealed concentrations of Cu (309 and 1210 mg kg-1 for C and PC, respectively), Zn (242 and 425 mg kg-1 for C and PC, respectively), and tributyltin (TBT) (198 and 4678 µg (Sn) kg-1 for C and PC, respectively) surpassing the effect range-median (ERM), while other marina stations generally stayed below this threshold. Spatiotemporal water monitoring highlighted concentrations above environmental quality standards (EQS) at all stations of the larger marina. This exceedance was systematic for Cu and Zn in all samples, ranging respectively between 2.54 and 37.56 µg (Sn) L-1 and 0.63 and 33.48 µg (Sn) L-1. A notable temporal dynamic for TBT and Cu was also observed. Conversely, the open marina, connected to the open sea, rarely exhibited concentrations above EQS in water, despite sediment concentrations occasionally exceeding ERM values. This underscores that risk assessment in these ecosystems cannot rely solely on sediment characterisation.

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Ports are essential facilities for the functioning of our globalised economy, as well as for the territories they supply. Monitoring port activity is therefore a relevant way of assessing the economic intensity they generate, and enabling regional analyses of their relative weight, their areas of activity and their development trajectories. However, comparative analysis of port activity is hampered by the variable quality and uneven distribution of the data produced by port authorities, which is far from being homogeneous, which makes comparative approaches difficult. In this paper, using vessel positioning data obtained through the Automatic Identification System (AIS), we propose a method for the extraction, quantification and qualification of port calls. We apply this method to a dataset in the Caribbean, covering the whole of 2019. Our method was able to describe the activity of 101 ports (in the sense of port areas) in the Lesser Antilles, by identifying 171,626 calls and their duration, by 5,907 ships of various type, size, age or flag. A comparison with the statistics published by a number of reference ports authorities and by the UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) shows that the median difference of computed port calls is about 11%, thus validating the proposed approach. By qualifying the type of vessel that passes through port waters, according to its characteristics, this approach based on the number of calls makes it possible to observe the capabilities and the infrastructural quality deployed in the ports in terms of vessels, and, stemming from it, to develop the hypothesis of port vulnerability, that is a perspective for our future work.

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Abstract Lynchets are ridges formed by erosion and sediment accumulation downstream of agricultural plots and offer valuable insights into past agricultural activity. These microtopographies cover vast areas and serve as indicators of historical changes in land use. As a result, their ubiquity across Europe makes them particularly interesting. In this study, we propose a geoarchaeological approach to analyze six lynchets, four in the Vosges Mountains and two on the Lorraine Plateau (France). The lynchets can be considered soil archives with no stratigraphic organization or chronological sequence from bottom to top, making it difficult to determine the age of the lynchets and identify changes in land use over time. To this end, we propose the analysis of historical and geo‐historical archives combined with the “pedosedimentary” archives of lynchets through charcoal identification and dating combined with near‐infrared spectroscopy to determine the age, vegetation, and past land use changes associated with lynchet landscapes. By combining these multiple data sources, we are better able to show the chronological development of these ancient agricultural systems and uncover valuable information on landscape history. Charcoal dating suggests a higher frequency of fires from the Middle Ages. The dating aligns with the regional dynamics of anthropogenic fires, indicating a potential use of fire for cultural purposes. We also demonstrate the difficulty of extrapolating the dating of a lynchet to the entire lynchet system. Our results highlight the difficulties of interpreting the formation and dating of lynchets and the lynchet system on the sole basis of charcoal analysis. However, we highlight the value of applying pedoanthracology to lynchets to determine the dynamics of land use change in former fields.

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The main objective of the study was to investigate the diversity of the woody stratum of the vegetation in intercommunity rangelands in the department of Koungheul based on an ecological inventory using vegetation surveys. The results indicate a rich flora of 70 species divided into 54 genera and 27 families where Ceasalpiniaceae and Rubiaceae are dominant (5 genera each). They are followed by Combretaceae and Euphorbiacea (4 genera each) and by Capparaceae, Fabaceae and Mimosaceae (3 genera for each family). But at the specific level, it is the Combretaceae which dominates with 10 species and Rubiaceae (7 species). It is more representative at the level of the rural community of Lour Esacale. The different values of vegetation parameters from one site to another indicate variability in community rangeland management practices. The woody stand, dominated by small Combretaceae, shows a relatively stable level of organization with an average equitability of about 45% for the two rural communities studied. Species such as Cordyla pinnata, Sclerocarya birrea, Adansonia digitata and Sterculia setigera contributed strongly to the basal and aerial cover of the overall stand. The regeneration of the stand is very good (about 85% on average) but it represents very few species, especially of the Combretaceae family. This shows a tendency to a progressive loss of species richness in the woody stratum.

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Similar to many small islands within the Wider Caribbean Region, the French West Indies are rich but fragile island ecosystems threatened by global warming, pollutants and other anthropic pressures. To understand integrated and complex human impacts on the environment, the Caribbean Coast Human-Environment Observatory (OHM) is developing disciplinary and interdisciplinary studies related to the local-scale driving factors that affect the coastal evolution in Guadeloupe. We present here results that show the multiple causalities, causal asymmetries, and equifinality of environmental pollution related to chlordecone, glyphosate, arsenic and Sargassum and highlight the need to bring further knowledge and awareness to the local populations on these concerns.

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Derniers articles

[hal-04493052] Time-varying microplastic contributions of a large urban and industrial area to river sediments (2024-03-06)

[hal-04489430] How microbial communities shape peatland carbon dynamics: New insights and implications (2024-03-05)

[hal-04390579] Hyper-accumulation of vanadium in animals: Two sponges compete with urochordates (2024-01-18)

[hal-04281877] Publications reveal how socio-ecological research is implemented: lessons from the Rhône Long Term Socio-Ecological Research platform (2023-11-13)

[hal-04477440] Added Value of Water Column Spatiotemporal Monitoring to Assess Variability of Trace Metal Elements and Organotin Compounds in Mediterranean Harbours (2024-02-26)

[hal-04400011] Port call extraction from vessel location data for characterising harbour traffic (2024-01-17)

[hal-04430910] Exploring the past through lynchet landscapes in the Vosges Mountains and the Lorraine Plateau (France) (2024-02-01)

[hal-04475780] Diversity and Structure of the Woody Stand in a Sudano-Sahelian Transition Zone in Senegal (2024-02-23)

[hal-04475786] Diversity and Structure of the Woody Stand in a Sudano-Sahelian Transition Zone in Senegal (2024-02-27)

[hal-04288861] Pesticide upsurge, cross-contamination and biodiversity: case studies from the Caribbean Coast Human-Environment Observatory (2023-11-27)