Hygiene measures as primary prevention of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy: A systematic review

Karl Wehbe (1) , Lucille Pencole (2, 3) , Martin Lhuaire (4) , Jeanne Sibiude (5, 3) , Laurent Mandelbrot (2, 3) , Isabelle Villena (6) , Olivier Picone (2, 3)

1 CHU Reims - Hôpital universitaire Robert Debré [Reims]
2 AP-HP - Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)
3 IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137) - Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution
4 HEGP - Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP]
5 Hôpital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes]
6 ESCAPE - Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle

Background Hygiene measures are recommended to prevent toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, although screening for seroconversion in pregnant women currently are debated and practices vary among countries. Objectives The purpose of this systematic literature review was to assess the effectiveness of hygiene measures during pregnancy to prevent toxoplasmosis infection. Search Strategy We followed the standard MOOSE and PRISMA criteria when conducting this systematic review and reporting the results. Selection criteria A systematic literature search was conducted for studies focused on congenital toxoplasmosis prevention, toxoplasmosis prevention during pregnancy, toxoplasmosis prevention and hygiene measures, which were published between 1970 and August 2020, using the databases of PubMed, Scope Med, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library. Data collection and analysis Our literature search identified 3964 articles, 3757 were excluded after review of title or abstract and 67 studies were considered relevant to the subject. We reviewed risk factors for toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy and for congenital toxoplasmosis, preventive measures for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, including: dietary recommendations, pet care measures, environmental measures, knowledge of risk factors and ways to control toxoplasmosis infection, knowledge of risk factors for infection by health professionals, knowledge of primary prevention measures by pregnant women. Conclusion: Hygiene measures are effective and applicable primary prevention to reduce toxoplasmosis and avoid congenital toxoplasmosis and its consequences.

Keywords: Hygiene measures; Pregnancy; Primary prevention; Toxoplasmosis

Domains: Health; Infectious diseases; Microbiology and Parasitology

Karl Wehbe, Lucille Pencole, Martin Lhuaire, Jeanne Sibiude, Laurent Mandelbrot, et al.. Hygiene measures as primary prevention of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy: A systematic review. Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction, 2022, 51 (3), pp.102300. ⟨10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102300⟩. ⟨hal-03520417⟩